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来源：彩云网计划2024-08-29 17:48

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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

赴港澳旅游团重启，搜索大涨超3倍、往返机票搜索量半小时增长7倍******

　　2月3日，国务院发布“关于全面恢复内地与港澳人员往来的通知”，取消经粤港陆路口岸出入境预约通关安排，恢复内地居民与香港、澳门团队旅游经营活动。

　　消息发布后，各在线旅游平台上机票预定、旅游热度迅速飙升。携程数据显示，通知发出后香港澳门目的地搜索量瞬时大涨超3倍，连带港澳跟团游产品浏览上涨180%。同程旅行平台上，香港旅游搜索热度瞬时上涨超过371%，澳门旅游搜索热度上涨324%。去哪儿数据显示，半小时内，往返香港机票瞬时搜索量增长7倍。

　　对于旅行社来说，已经提前进行了充分准备。记者了解到，携程第一时间上线了近百条港澳团队游产品，包括半自助、私家团、自由行打包、目的地参团等多种品类，为用户提供各类赴澳旅行选择。“内地游客一直以来都是港澳客源市场的重要组成部分，如今赴港澳跟团游及‘机+酒’自由行的恢复，将进一步激发游客对港澳旅游的消费需求，也为赴港澳旅游提供了更便捷的方式。”携程团队游CEO江文表示。

　　事实上，随着2月出境航班的调整，内地赴港澳航班迎来了新的利好。据携程统计，截至2月1日，内地至香港直飞航班每周班次近270班，始发地包含北上广、成都、福州、南京等26座城市。其中有4个城市(合肥、无锡、南昌、温州)2月起重新复飞。从近7日成交平均票价来看，超过20%的香港直飞航线价格低于2019年同期，其中国泰航空从杭州和南京直飞香港的两个航班价格更是较2019年打了7折以上。

　　中山大学旅游学院教授曾国军表示，港澳跟团游一旦恢复，将直接促进内地旅客数量回升，进而带动港澳旅游酒店、餐饮、购物、娱乐等产业的复苏。进一步刺激旅游消费、延长留港澳时间、拉长消费链，同时让港澳更多的旅游企业和商家在消费市场受惠，带动旅游经济发展，促进和恢复旅游就业。跟团游很好地保障了旅游质量，对港澳旅游的宣传推广也十分有益；跟团游可以进一步鼓励港澳与内地旅行社积极对接，拓展合作机会，加强港澳和内地的联系。

　　同程研究院相关负责人也持相同的观点，香港和澳门是很多内地游客出境游的第一站，随着两地跟团旅游重新开放，内地游客前往港澳旅游不仅更加方便，也将有更多旅游产品选择。该负责人预测，预计未来，2~10人的小型团队游，有鲜明出游主题的个性化旅游产品，将陆续进入港澳旅游市场。此外，医疗旅游、研学旅游等新旅游生态也将成为内地游客赴港澳旅游的新选择。

　　红星新闻记者李彦琴

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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